1. Which of the following is the necessary step for cultivating the microorganisms?

A. Preparing a culture medium for the growth of microorganisms
B. Sterilizing in order to eliminate all living microorganisms in vessel
C. Inoculating the microorganisms in the prepared medium
D. All of the above

2. For most bacteria, the optimum pH for growth lies between

A. 6.5-7.5
B. 3.5-4.5
C. 4.5-5.5
D. 5.5-6.5

3. Which of the following is an abiotic elicitors?

A. UV irradiation
B. Osmotic shock
C. Heavy metal ions
D. All of these

4. Suspension cultures consist of cells and cell aggregates, growing dispersed in

A. liquid medium
B. solid nutrient medium
C. solid or liquid medium
D. none of these

5. Thiobacillus thiooxidans has an optimum pH of

A. 2.0-3.5
B. 0.5-6.0
C. 6.5-7.5
D. 9.0-9.5