11. Most multi-cellular organisms obtain energy for the synthesis of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation from

A. high energy phosphate compounds
B. a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane
C. a proton gradient across the cell membrane
D. a proton gradient across the outer mitochondrial membrane

12. Standard redox potential for a substance is measured under the standard condition and is expressed as

A. milliAmpere
B. Volt
C. without unit
D. Ohm

13. Most of the enzymes of the citric acid cycle in a eukaryotic cell are located in the

A. inner mitochondrial membrane
B. cytosol
C. mitochondrial matrix
D. intermembrane space

14. A positive redox potential means the substance has

A. lower affinity for electron
B. higher affinity for electron
C. lower affinity for proton
D. higher affinity for proton

15. The end product of glycolysis is pyruvate, which enters the citric acid cycle after being converted to

A. acetic acid
B. acetyl-CoA
C. acetaldehyde
D. none of these