11. A five carbon sugar lacking a hydrogen at the number 2 carbon is found in

A. DNA
B. RNA
C. mRNA
D. rDNA

12. The unfavourable free energy associated with not satisfying a hydrogen bond after formation of the double helix is approximately

A. 10 kJ/mol
B. 20 kJ/mol
C. 25 kJ/mol
D. 30 kJ/mol

13. The most stabilizing force for nucleic acids is

A. hydrogen bonds
B. electrostatic bond
C. Van der Waals
D. conformational entropy

14. A purine with an amine (NH₂) group on the 6^th carbon is

A. adenine
B. cytosine
C. thymine
D. guanine

15. Which of the following is found on RNA but not DNA?

A. Uracil
B. Deoxyribose
C. Phosphate
D. Adenine