16. Which of the following is not a physical method of immobilization?

A. Adsorption
B. Entrapment
C. Microencapsulation
D. None of these

17. The support material for immobilization of cells of Bacillus subtilis is

A. ion exchange resins
B. gelatin
C. Anthracite
D. agarose and carbodiimide

18. The intraparticle mass transfer resistance can affect the rate of the enzyme reaction if enzymes are immobilized by

A. copolymerization or microencapsulation
B. crosslinking using multifunctional reagents
C. adsorption
D. all of the above

19. The covalent attachment of enzyme molecules is via

A. nonessential amino acids residues to water-insoluble, functional supports
B. essential amino acids residues to water-insoluble, functional supports
C. nonessential amino acids residues to water-soluble, functional supports
D. essential amino acids residues to water-soluble, functional supports

20. To measure the extent to which the reaction rate is lowered because of resistance to mass transfer, the effectiveness factor of an immobilized enzyme, η can be defined as

A. reaction rate/rate if not slowed by diffusion
B. rate if not slowed by diffusion/ reaction rate
C. actual reaction rate/ rate if not slowed by diffusion
D. rate if not slowed by diffusion/ actual reaction rate