1. Genetic variations are

A. temporary
B. influenced by the environment
C. stable
D. not heritable

2. The mutation which will not affect the length of a protein is,

A. nonsense mutation
B. missense mutation
C. frameshift mutation
D. all of these

3. Changes in which of the following characterizes mutations?

A. Phenotype
B. Genotype
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. None of these

4. Which of the following(s) is/are steps in excision repair mechanisms?

A. Excision
B. Incision
C. Ligation
D. All of these

5. The whole-genome shotgun sequencing approach depends primarily on

A. rapidly sequencing thousands of small randomly cloned fragments
B. methodical sequencing a few large cloned fragments of DNA
C. sequencing the bacterial chromosome while it is still intact
D. all of the above