16. Transcription factors are

A. promoters
B. proteins which bind to DNA and regulate transcription
C. TATA boxes
D. CATT boxes

17. The major function of RNA polymerase’s sigma factor is

A. recognition of the translational stop sequence
B. recognition of the transcriptional start sequence
C. recognition of the transcriptional stop sequence
D. recognition of the translational start sequence

18. Most transcripts of protein coding genes are cleaved

A. at the 3′ end just after a poly adenylation signal
B. at the 3′ end just before a poly adenylation signal
C. at the 5′ end immediately after a poly adenylation signal
D. at the 5′ end immediately before a poly adenylation signal

19. RNA is synthesized on a DNA template in a process called __________ , which utilizes the enzyme __________

A. translation, RNA polymerase
B. transcription, DNA polymerase
C. transcription, RNA polymerase
D. replication, DNA polymerase

20. The closed complex at bacterial promoters is

A. in equilibrium with free RNA polymerase and the promoter
B. not affected by promoter mutations
C. bound more tightly when repressors are present
D. not affected by activator proteins