The first three lines of the passage state already accepted, studied, and proven information. The fourth line introduces new findings on the subject, suggesting a rebuttal of the previously widely believed information. The author isn’t reporting data that matches what has already been stated, therefore choice a is incorrect. Choice b is incorrect because the passage does not compare two different ideas. The initial information given is not an idea but proven material. There is nothing so drastic as vehemence suggested in the passage, and the author doesn’t seem to be begging for the reader’s compassion, so choices d and e are incorrect.

As infectious organisms evolve, a wider variety of drugs will have to be used if the first treatment prescribed isn’t effective. This can be costly, and second choice drugs will have to be used as an option as well, as stated in the last paragraph. Hospitals may incur higher fees, but it is never suggested there is anything beneficial about this study, so choice b is incorrect. The passage states that not only industrialized nations will feel the brunt of this development, contrary to choice c. It is never suggested that antibiotics weren’t taken as prescribed, so choice d is incorrect. It is never stated that an increase in STDs is expected, just that they are in fact drugresistant infections that could spread in the community at large, so choice e is incorrect.

Admonishing is defined as warning or cautioning, which is suggestive of the author’s intent. The drug’s previous successes are mentioned, but the passage suggests that further study is needed or there could be potentially hazardous consequences such as a rise in illness and the upset of inflated drugs. The author is somewhat critical (choice a) of the current usefulness of antibiotics, but isn’t critical as a whole against any specific institution, only suggestive that further action is required. The author’s tone is not sarcastic (choice b) at all. The adjectives in choices d and e suggest emotional response, which the author does not imply.