The principles of yin and yang are foundational to Chinese medicine. Yin and yang represent the opposite and complementary forces that exist in nature and the human body. An imbalance between these forces can lead to illness. Restoring the balance between yin and yang is a primary goal in Chinese medicine and is often seen as essential for overall health and healing. Traditional Chinese medicine is a medical system that began being developed in China about 5,000 years ago, which makes it the oldest continuous medical system on the planet.

Option A: Living in harmony with one’s natural environment with the aim of keeping all aspects of a person, body, and spirit- in a state of harmony and balance so that disease never has a chance to develop.
Option B: This balance and a healthy lifestyle are the focus of Chinese medicine, which empowers the individual to participate in his own health.
Option C: In Chinese medicine, the body, and indeed a human being, is not seen as a machine, living in isolation from the world around it. Human beings are seen as part of the whole of things, which includes our environments, nature, and the universe itself.

Given the drop in systolic blood pressure, increased heart rate (which could be compensatory mechanisms due to hypovolemia), and dizziness (potentially orthostatic hypotension), it might be appropriate to advise Mr. Garcia to increase his fluid intake. After doing so, reassessing his blood pressure can provide valuable feedback on his volume status. Orthostatic hypotension, a decrease in systolic blood pressure of more than 15 mmHg, and an increase in heart rate of more than 15 percent usually accompanied by dizziness indicate volume depletion, inadequate vasoconstrictor mechanisms, and autonomic insufficiency.

Option A: Fluids may not be necessarily protein-rich.
Option B: Restricting fluids could aggravate the client’s dizziness.
Option D: There is no need to restrict the fluid intake of the client.

The catheter is placed in the pulmonary artery. Information regarding left ventricular function is obtained when the catheter balloon is inflated.

Option A: Stroke volume is calculated using measurements of ventricle volumes from an echocardiogram and subtracting the volume of the blood in the ventricle at the end of a beat (called end-systolic volume) from the volume of blood just prior to the beat (called end-diastolic volume).
Option B: Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate.
Option C: The CVP can be measured manually using a manometer or electronically using a transducer.

As per new guidelines, the American Heart Association recommends beginning CPR with chest compression (rather than checking for the airway first). Start CPR with 30 chest compressions before checking the airway and giving rescue breaths. Starting with chest compressions first applies to adults, children, and infants needing CPR, but not newborns. CPR can keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other vital organs until more definitive medical treatment can restore a normal heart rhythm.

Option A: Setting up a peripheral IV is important for emergency medication administration during resuscitation efforts. However, this is not the immediate priority when a patient is found pulseless. Starting a peripheral IV can come after the C-A-B sequence.
Option C: While ensuring a patent airway is critical during a code situation, chest compressions should be initiated first in a witnessed cardiac arrest, especially when the arrest is due to ventricular fibrillation, as indicated by the telemetry monitor. Once additional personnel arrive, they can assist with airway management while compressions continue. Establishing an airway comes after compressions.
Option D: Having the crash cart on hand is essential for a code blue situation. It contains emergency medications, defibrillation equipment, and airway devices. However, if the nurse is alone with a pulseless patient, initiating chest compressions immediately is a higher priority. Ideally, another staff member would bring the crash cart swiftly.

Both medications decrease the heart rate. Metoprolol affects blood pressure. Therefore, the heart rate and blood pressure must be within the normal range (HR 60-100; systolic BP over 100) in order to safely administer both medications. The combination of both medications might further decrease his blood pressure. This is a significant concern and should be reported.

Option B: A heart rate of 76 is within the normal range.
Option C: Increased urine output is the desired effect of diuretics, given with digoxin.
Option D: A respiratory rate of 16 is within the normal range.