11. Plants derived sexually from the same plant are____ while those derived from somatic tissue from the same plant are____.

A. identical, different
B. different, also different
C. different, identical
D. plants cannot be derived from somatic tissue

12. Transgenic plants with increased tolerance to aluminum have been produced by making plants that

A. secrete phytosiderophores into the soil
B. make more metal-binding peptides like phytochelatins
C. bind aluminum to the cell wall
D. secrete citrate into the soil

13. Transplastomics

A. targets genes in the chloroplast
B. provides exceptionally low yields of protein products
C. produces genes that are released in pollen
D. offers little opportunity for practical use

14. Plants containing genes encoding cytokines and blood clotting factors are used in

A. nutrition improvement
B. pharmaceutical production
C. vaccine production
D. textile production

15. The first transgenic plants expressing engineered foreign genes were tobacco plants produced by the use of

A. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
B. Bacillus thuringiensis
C. Arabidopsis thaliana
D. Streptomyces hygroscopicus