11. Which of the following techniques can be used to determine the defective gene and for developing cancer?

A. Western blot
B. Southern blot
C. Northern blot
D. Eastern blot

12. The transfer of antibiotic-resistant genes from genetically engineered bacteria to disease-causing bacteria __________ .

A. would be of no concern if it occurred.
B. has occurred
C. can never occur
D. seems unlikely

13. Both DNA gel electrophoresis and SDS-PAGE of proteins are similar because

A. in both cases molecules migrate to the anode
B. both techniques rely on a constant charge to mass ratio
C. both techniques utilize the sieving properties of gels
D. all of the above

14. Some genetic diseases cannot be diagnosed by changes in restriction sites. Some of these can be detected by allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. These are

A. copies of the gene with an altered sequence so that a restriction site is inserted
B. mutagenized copies of a gene
C. short sequences that will hybridize only to a specific base sequence
D. PCR-amplified variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTRs)

15. In order to insert a foreign gene into a plasmid, both must __________

A. have identical DNA sequences
B. originate from the same type of cell
C. be cut by the same restriction enzyme
D. be of the same length