16. The file structure that redefines its first record at a base of zero uses the term:

A. relative organization
B. key fielding
C. dynamic reallocation
D. hashing
E. None of the above

17. What is the name given to all the programs inside the computer with makes it usable?

A. Application software
B. System software
C. Firm ware
D. Shareware
E. None of the above

18. Semaphores

A. synchronize critical resources to prevent deadlock
B. synchronize critical resources to prevent contention
C. are used to do I/O
D. are used for memory management
E. None of the above

19. The advantage(s) of incorporating the macro processor into pass 1 is(are):

A. many functions do not have to be implemented twice.
B. Functions are combined and it is not necessary to create intermediate files as output from the macros
processor and input to the assembler.
C. more flexibility is available to the programmer in that he may use all the features of the assembler in
conjunction with macros.
D. all of the above
E. None of the above

20. In analyzing the compilation of PL/I program, the description “creation of more optimal matrix” is associated with

A. Assembly and output
B. Code generation
C. Syntax analysis
D. Machine independent optimization
E. None of the above