Medieval Indian History

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141. Which of the following places were attacked and plundered by Mahmud Ghaznavi during his 17 raids on India?

1. Thanesar
2. Mathura
3. Gwalior
4. Patna

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

(A) Only 1 & 2
(B) Only 1, 2 & 3
(C) Only 1 & 3
(D) 1, 2, 3 & 4

Correct Answer: (B) Only 1, 2 & 3

Answer Explanation:

Major attacks of Mahmud were as follows:

  • 1000 – Peshawar
  • 1008 – Bhimnagar (Nagarkot / Kot Kangra)
  • 1009 – Narayanpur Alwar
  • 1011 – Thanesar
  • 1013 – Nandana
  • 1014 – Kashmir
  • 1015 – Lokhot in Kashmir
  • 1017-18 – Mathura, Kannauj, Mung (Near Kanpur)
  • 1019 – Sharva (near Saharanpur)
  • 1020 – Kannauj, Bari (Pratihara Capital)
  • 1021 – Kannauj, Gwalior
  • 1023 – Kalinjar
  • 1024 – Somnath

142. Apart from Hindus, Jains, and Buddhists, Mahmud of Ghazni persecuted one group of Muslims also during his political and military career. Which of the following was that group?

(A) Khawarij
(B) Ismailis
(C) Wahabis
(D) Salafis

Correct Answer: (B) Ismailis

Answer Explanation:
Ismailis seem to have been a particular target of his wrath since Mahmud (and his nominal overlord, the Abbasid caliph) considered them heretics.

143. Which of the following was the first target of Mohammad Ghori in the Indian Subcontinent?

(A) Kashmir
(B) Punjab
(C) Multan
(D) Gujarat

Correct Answer: (C) Multan

Answer Explanation:
Muhammad Ghori’s first invasion in the Indian subcontinent was on the Shia ruler of Multan in 1175 A.D. He invaded and defeated the Karmathian Muslim ruler and annexed Multan to his territories. Next, he conquered the fortress of Uch in Sindh.

144. Who was the Ghaznavid ruler in Punjab when it was attacked by Muhammad Ghori?

(A) Khusrau Shah
(B) Khusrau Malik
(C) Bahram Shah
(D) Shirzad

Correct Answer: (B) Khusrau Malik

Answer Explanation:
The last Ghaznavid Sultan was Khusrau Malik, who at the time of Ghori’s attack, was ruling around the Punjab and Lahore region. Ghori captured Lahore in 1186 and Khusrau Malik and his son were taken to Ghur where they were imprisoned, and possibly executed.

145. Which of the following was the key objective of the invasion of Mohammad Ghori in India?

(A) Loot and Plunder wealth of India
(B) To expand the Ghurid Empire
(C) To spread Islam by Sword
(D) To punish Rajputs who attacked his dominions

Correct Answer: (B) To expand the Ghurid Empire

Answer Explanation:
The major objective of Ghori to attack India was to expand his empire and satisfy his imperialistic ambitions. The expansion of Islam and his ambition to glorify his name through his military exploits could be said to be his secondary aims. Similarly, loot and plunder may also be secondary aims because that was the norm in those days to acquire Gold and wealth from defeated rulers.
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