11. When concentration of the reactants is higher than the equilibrium concentration then

A. the gibbs free energy will be positive
B. the gibbs free energy will be negative
C. more products will be formed
D. both (b) and (c)

12. Which of the following is not true of glycolysis?

A. ADP is phosphorylated to ATP via substrate level phosphorylation
B. The pathway does not require oxygen
C. The pathway oxidizes two moles of NADH to NAD⁺ for each mole of glucose that enters
D. The pathway requires two moles of ATP to get started catabo-lizing each mole of glucose

13. In glycolysis, ATP is formed by the transfer of a high-energy phosphate from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADR No such high-energy phosphate donor has ever been isolated in mitochondria because

A. the techniques for isolating the phosphate donor are not refined enough
B. no such phosphate donor exists
C. the high-energy phosphate donor is very short-lived and difficult to isolate
D. None of the above

14. ATP is from which general category of molecules?

A. Polysaccharides
B. Proteins
C. Nucleotides
D. Amino acids

15. The glycolytic pathway (glucose → 2 pyruvate) is found

A. in all living organisms
B. primarily in animals excluding particles
C. only in eukaryotes
D. only in yeast